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When Did Eritrea Announce Forced Military Service

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Combined military forces of Nigeria

Nigerian War machine
Flag of the Nigerian Armed Forces.svg

Flag of the Nigerian Armed Forces
Seal of the Nigerian Defence.jpg Emblem of the Nigerian Army.svg Badge of the Nigerian Navy.svg Nigerian Air Force emblem.svg

Emblem of the Nigerian Military by service branches
Electric current form 1960
Service branches Nigerian Army
Nigerian Navy
Nigerian Air Force
Headquarters Abuja
Leadership
Commander-in-Master President Muhammadu Buhari
Defence Minister Bashir Salihi Magashi
Master of Defence Staff General Lucky Irabor
Personnel
Agile personnel 223,000[i]
Reserve personnel 0[2] [3]
Expenditures
Budget $two.352 billion (₦966 billion)[4]
Per centum of Gdp 0.5% (2021)[four]
Industry
Foreign suppliers Australia
Brazil
Belgium
Communist china
Canada
France
Germany
Islamic republic of pakistan
Poland
Portugal
South korea
Russia
Southward Africa
Usa
United Kingdom
Related articles
History Military history of Nigeria

List of engagements

  • Congo Crunch
  • Nigerian Ceremonious War
  • Nigeria-Cameroon border conflict
  • Chadian–Nigerian War
  • First Liberian Civil State of war
  • Second Liberian Civil War
  • Sierra Leone Civil War
  • Disharmonize in the Niger Delta
  • Northern Mali conflict
  • Boko Haram insurgency
Ranks Military ranks of Nigeria

The Nigerian Armed Forces (NAF) are the combined armed services forces of Nigeria. It consists of iii uniformed service branches: the Nigerian Army, Nigerian Navy, and Nigerian Air Force. The President of Nigeria functions every bit the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, exercising his constitutional authority through the Ministry of Defence, which is responsible for the management of the military and its personnel. The operational head of the AFN is the Main of the Defence Staff, who is subordinate to the Nigerian Defence Minister. With a force of more than 223,000 active personnel, the Nigerian war machine is i of the largest uniformed combat services in Africa.[v] According to Global Firepower, the Nigerian War machine are the fourth-about powerful military in Africa, and ranked 35th on its list internationally.[6]

The Nigerian Armed Forces were established in 1960 as the successor to the gainsay units of the Purple W African Frontier Strength stationed in the land, which had previously served as the British Empire'southward multi-battalion field strength during Nigeria'due south protectorate period. Shortly after its formation, the NAF was engaged in gainsay operations against the secessionist land of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil State of war from 1967 to 1970. At this point in time, the Nigerian armed services ballooned in strength from 85,000 personnel in 1967, to more than 250,000 troops by the war's cease.[vii] In the years following the civil war, the Nigerian Armed Forces were halved in size from its post-war height to approximately 125,000 men. In spite of this contraction in the size and funding of its War machine, Nigeria would avowal the only military in West Africa capable of engaging in strange war machine operations, such as during its intervention in Liberian ceremonious war in 1990.[8] [9] Nigeria's Armed Forces would continue to remain an active element in combat operations throughout the African continent over the proceeding decades, with notable engagements including its 2017 involvement equally function of the ECOWAS military machine intervention in the Republic of the gambia.[ten]

Today, the NAF faces a number of domestic challenges which go along to undermine stability within Nigeria and the region as a whole. Some of these threats include the ongoing conflict against the jihadist rebel group, Boko Haram in northeastern Nigeria, which has been in effect since July 2009. Likewise, Nigeria has been engaged in a long-running anti-piracy campaign in the Niger Delta, which has threatened the vital petroleum manufacture in the land, which is the source of 40% of Nigeria's exports and 85% of the authorities'due south revenue.[11] [12] Compounding this situation is the role abuse plays in the ongoing attempts to strengthen the armed forces. Corruption has historically weakened the Nigerian military's capacity to face up internal security threats, and is cited as being responsible for the connected longevity of rebels and terrorists operating throughout the nation.[13] [fourteen]

In spite of these challenges to its operational readiness, the Nigerian Armed Forces have committed to a number of wide-ranging modernization programs to eternalize the discipline and firepower of its troops. This includes the acquisition of new armored vehicles, combat shipping and aerial reconnaissance drones, and the refurbishing of naval vessels which had suffered from a prolonged periods of poor or minimal maintenance. These trends in the development of the armed forces as a fighting force, as well as efforts to combat corruption within the ranks of military personnel and regime bureaucracy, have been critically important in the ability of Nigeria to confront challenges to its national security and stability in the wider region of W Africa as a whole.[15] [sixteen] [17] [18]

History [edit]

The Nigerian Armed services origins lie in the elements of the Imperial W African Frontier Force that became Nigerian when independence was granted in 1960. In 1956 the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal Due west African Borderland Force (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958 the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces.[19]

Since its creation the Nigerian war machine has fought in a civil war – the disharmonize with Biafra in 1967–lxx – and sent peacekeeping forces abroad both with the United Nations and equally the backbone of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Republic of liberia and Sierra Leone. It has also seized power twice at abode (1966 & 1983).[20]

The dandy expansion of the military during the ceremonious war farther entrenched the existing war machine hold on Nigerian social club carried over from the kickoff armed forces regime. In doing so, it played an observable office in reinforcing the military's nearly first-among-equals status inside Nigerian lodge, and the linked reject in military effectiveness. Olusegun Obasanjo, who by 1999 had get president, bemoaned the fact in his inaugural address that year: '... Professionalism has been lost... my heart bleeds to encounter the degradation in the proficiency of the war machine.'[21]

Grooming establishments in Nigeria include the prestigious officer entry Nigerian Defence Academy at Kaduna, the Armed forces Command and Staff Higher, Jaji, and the National State of war Higher at Abuja.[22] The U.S. commercial armed services contractor Military Professional Resource Inc. has been involved from around 1999–2000 in advising on civil-armed services relations for the war machine.[23]

Legal standing [edit]

The roles of a state's armed forces are entrenched in her Constitution. The defence of the territorial integrity and other core interests of the nation course the major substance of such roles. Section 217-220 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria addresses the Nigerian Armed Forces:

  • (1) There shall be an armed services for the Federation which shall consist of an army, a navy, an air force, and such other branches of the war machine of the Federation every bit may be established by an Act of the National Associates.
  • (2) The Federation shall, subject to an Human activity of the National Assembly made in that behalf, equip and maintain the armed forces equally may be considered acceptable and effective for the purpose of –
  • (a) defending Nigeria from external aggression;
  • (b) maintaining its territorial integrity and securing its borders from violation on land, sea, or air;
  • (c) Suppress coup and act in aid of civil government to restore lodge when called upon to do and then past the President but subject to such conditions as may exist prescribed by an Human activity of the National Assembly.
  • (d) Perform such other functions as may be prescribed past an act of the National Assembly.
  • (three) The limerick of the officer corps and other ranks of the armed forces of the Federation shall reverberate the federal character of Nigeria.

Ground forces [edit]

The Nigerian Army (NA) is the country branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces and the largest among the military. Major formations include the 1st Division, the 2nd Division, the 3rd Armoured Division, 81st Partition, 82nd Division, and newly formed 8th, seventh and sixth, Divisions. The Nigerian army is headed currently by Major Full general Farouk Yahaya who was appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari.[24] The Nigerian Army has been playing a major role in defence of Nigeria Democracy since the showtime republic till appointment.[25]

Navy [edit]

The Nigerian Navy (NN) is the sea branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The Nigerian Navy command structure today consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja, 3 operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar, and Bayelsa. Training control's headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital letter of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. There are five operational bases, 5 forward operational bases (with two more soon to come on stream), 2 dockyards located in Lagos and Port Harcourt and two fleets based in Lagos and Calabar. The Nigerian Navy is currently headed by Vice Admiral Awwal Zubairu Gambo.[26]

Air Forcefulness [edit]

Roundel of the Nigerian Air Force

The Nigerian Air Forcefulness was formally established in January 1964 with technical assist from West Federal republic of germany. The air force started life every bit a transport unit with aircrew being trained in Canada, Ethiopia and Islamic republic of pakistan. The air forcefulness did not go a combat capability until a number of MiG-17 aircraft were presented by the Soviet Union in 1966.

In 2007, the Air Force had a forcefulness of ten,000.[27] Information technology flies transport, trainer, helicopter, and fighter aircraft. By 2021, the number of the Air Force personnel had increased to 18,000.[28]

The Air Force sponsors the Air Force Military School, Jos, Nigeria and the Air Strength Institute of Technology. Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic grooming and armed services production capabilities. Nigeria has continued a strict policy of diversification in her military procurement from various countries. The Nigerian Air force is currently headed past Air Marshal Isiaka Oladayo Amao.[29]

Other components [edit]

At that place is a Articulation Task Forcefulness in the Niger Delta region designated "Restore Promise." This is an inter service Operational Team comprising members of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force to combat terrorism in the Niger Delta.[30] JTF HQ is located at Yenagoa. The electric current head of the Articulation Task Force in Niger Delta is Real Admiral Akinjide Akinrinade.[31]

Nigerian military forces abroad [edit]

In Dec 1983, the new Major General Muhammadu Buhari authorities appear that Nigeria could no longer beget an activist anti-colonial role in Africa. Anglophone ECOWAS members established ECOMOG, dominated by the Nigerian Ground forces, in 1990 to intervene in the civil war in Liberia. The Regular army has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain brigade-sized forces in back up of peacekeeping operations in Liberia. Smaller army forces have been previously sent on UN and ECOWAS deployments in the former Yugoslavia, Republic of guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone.[32] [33] [34] This doctrine of African armed services intervention past Nigeria is sometimes called Pax Nigeriana.[35]

That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997 from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Republic of liberia and later Sierra Leone when civil wars bankrupt out in those countries. President Olusegun Obasanjo in August 2003 committed Nigerian troops over again into Liberia, at the urging of the United States, to provide an interim presence until the United Nations Mission in Republic of liberia (UNMIL) arrived.[36] Charles Taylor was subsequently eased out of ability and exiled to Nigeria.

In Oct 2004, Nigerian troops over again deployed into Darfur, Sudan to spearhead an African Union force to stop the genocide in Darfur.[37] Nigeria has contributed more than than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. The Nigeria Law and troops have participated in:

  • UNIPOM – Bharat and Islamic republic of pakistan, 1965[38]
  • UNIFIL – Lebanese republic, 1978[39]
  • UNIIMOG – Iran and Iraq, 1988[40]
  • UNPROFOR – Former Yugoslavia, 1998[32]
  • UNMISET – East Timor, 1999[41]
  • MONUC – Democratic Republic of the congo, 2004[42]

Nigerian officers have served as Chiefs of Defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe serving every bit Sierra Leone Main of Staff in 1998–1999,[43] and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed services of Liberia from at least 2007.

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Armed forces personnel, full – Data". Retrieved 24 Jan 2017.
  2. ^ "Nigeria Military Strength". Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  3. ^ "Disenchanted soldiers". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Nigeria 2021 Signed Budget - Pages 22 - 51". Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  5. ^ "Armed forces personnel, full – Data". Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  6. ^ "Nigeria Military Strength". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  7. ^ Karl DeRouen & U. K. Heo (2007). Civil wars of the world: Major conflicts since World State of war Ii. Tomo I. Santa Bárbara: ABC CLIO, p. 569. ISBN 978-1-85109-919-ane.
  8. ^ "Report: Abuse in Nigeria - Military Capabilities". Retrieved seven September 2021.
  9. ^ "Waging State of war to Keep the Peace: The ECOMOG Intervention and Man Rights (Human Rights Sentry Report, June 1993)". Hrw.org . Retrieved 2017-02-06 .
  10. ^ "Nigeria sends troops, jets to Senegal for Gambia force". Yahoo.com. 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2017-07-fifteen .
  11. ^ "UPDATE 2-Nigeria will boost oil output if OPEC asks". Reuters. 2011-03-08. Retrieved 2021-05-29 .
  12. ^ Bank, World (August 2004). "Taxation and State Participation in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Sector".
  13. ^ "Armed services graft undermines Nigeria's fight against Boko Haram: Transparency International". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  14. ^ "Study: Abuse in Nigerian Military machine Benefits Boko Haram". Retrieved vii September 2021.
  15. ^ "Nigerian Army fields Isotrex armoured vehicles". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  16. ^ "Nigerian Air Force inducts 3 JF-17 Thunder multirole aircraft". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  17. ^ "Nigeria buys two M-346 squadrons". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  18. ^ "Promoting International Free energy Security: Volume iv, The Gulf of Guinea". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  19. ^ "Library of Congress State Studies, Nigeria". loc.gov . Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  20. ^ "Gowon Ousted in Nigeria; Coup ends Nine‐Yr Rule". The New York Times. 1975-07-30. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-06-03 .
  21. ^ Obasanjo, quoted in Herbert M. Howe, Ambiguous Society: Military Forces in African States, Lynne Rienner, Boulder/London, 2001, p.54. Obasanjo has also been accused of misuse of his personal position for profit.
  22. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-02-fifteen. Retrieved 2009-10-30 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit title (link)
  23. ^ Rabiu, Ruby (December 11, 2003). "Defence Ministry promotes democratic value in Army". news.biafranigeriaworld.com. , accessed Oct 2009 and Peter Vocalist, 'Corporate Warriors,' Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 2003, p.131-2. ISBN 0-8014-4114-5
  24. ^ "Buhari appoint Major General Farouk Yahaya as new Chief of Ground forces Staff". BBC News Pidgin . Retrieved 2021-06-03 .
  25. ^ Ozoemenam, Mbachu (2012). Nigerian Armed forces in Nation - Building.
  26. ^ "Nigerian Navy release new appointments of senior officers". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2021-06-03 .
  27. ^ IISS Armed forces Balance 2007
  28. ^ The Military Residuum 2021. Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated. 25 February 2021. p. 483. ISBN9781032012278.
  29. ^ "Nigerian Air Forcefulness trains 200 personnel away". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2021-06-03 .
  30. ^ "JTF operations increased oil production output to 2 million barrel per day". Nigerianewsworld. Retrieved fourteen September 2020. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ^ "New Joint Task Forcefulness Commander In The Niger Delta Promises Oil Thieves 'No Mercy, Tough Time'". Sahara Reporters. 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2021-06-03 .
  32. ^ a b "Former Yugoslavia: UNPROFOR". Department of Public Information, Un. 31 August 1996.
  33. ^ "United nations Official Certificate". www.un.org . Retrieved 2020-03-05 .
  34. ^ "The 5 previous West African military machine interventions". world wide web.yahoo.com . Retrieved 2020-03-05 .
  35. ^ Adebajo, Adekeye. (2007). Liberia's Civil War : Nigeria, ECOMOG, and Regional Security in West Africa. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN978-one-62637-112-5. OCLC 1027486570.
  36. ^ "Military machine". UNMIL. 2015-09-02. Retrieved 2020-03-05 .
  37. ^ Ebegbulem, Joseph C (2011-07-01). "Nigeria and conflict resolution in Africa: The Darfur experience". Civilizar. eleven (21): 69. doi:x.22518/16578953.34. ISSN 1657-8953.
  38. ^ "UNITED NATIONS Bharat-PAKISTAN OBSERVATION MISSION (UNIPOM) – Facts and Figures". peacekeeping.un.org . Retrieved 2020-03-05 .
  39. ^ "UNIFIL Troop-Contributing Countries". UNIFIL. 2016-03-xiv. Retrieved 2020-03-05 .
  40. ^ "Un Iran-Iraq MILITARY OBSERVER Grouping (UNIIMOG) – Background (Full text)". peacekeeping.united nations.org . Retrieved 2020-03-05 .
  41. ^ "UNMISET: United Nations Mission of Support in Democratic republic of timor-leste – Facts and Figures". peacekeeping.united nations.org . Retrieved 2020-03-05 .
  42. ^ "MONUC Facts and Figures – United Nations Organisation Mission in the Democratic Congo-brazzaville". peacekeeping.united nations.org . Retrieved 2020-03-05 .
  43. ^ "BARRACKS". Retrieved 24 Jan 2017.
  • List of Military Health Intendance Facilities Under DHML – for unit locations
  • Military machine Ranks of the Nigerian Army Military Ranks of the Nigerian Army

Further reading [edit]

  • Idang, Gordon J. "The Politics of Nigerian Foreign Policy: The Ratification and Renunciation of the Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement." African Studies Review thirteen, no. 2 (1970): 227–251.
  • Robin Luckham, The Nigerian military; a sociological analysis of dominance & defection 1960–67, Cambridge [Eng.] University Press, 1971.
  • Northward.J. Miners, 'The Nigerian Army 1956–66,' Methuen and Co. Ltd, London, 1971
  • Jimi Peters, 'The Nigerian Military and the State,' 1997, ISBN ane-85043-874-9
  • Nigerian Army Educational activity Corps and School, History of the Nigerian Army 1863–1992, Abuja, 1992

External links [edit]

  • Nigerian Defense Staff
  • Nigerian Regular army
  • Nigerian Navy
  • Nigerian Air Forcefulness

When Did Eritrea Announce Forced Military Service,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces

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